Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)

Symbol Overlap caused by multipath delay spread

Real-World Applications

Underwater acoustic communications, shortwave ionospheric reflection communications, and ultra-high-speed server backplane signal transmission. Multipath effects cause "late arrivals arriving first", causing intersymbol interference.

Experiment Steps

1. Eye Closure: Eye diagram closes when ISI is severe
2. Equalizer: Equalizer is needed to remove ISI

Simulation Experiment