Spatial Consistency

Adjacent terminals see the same scatterer clusters, LSP spatial correlation modeling (TR 38.901 Sec 7.6.3).

Real-World Applications

Multi-User MIMO Precoding: Massive MIMO downlink precoding assumes different users' channels are independent. But when two users are very close (like stadium stands), their channels are highly correlated, greatly reducing precoding gain.

Experiment Steps

LSP Correlation: Shadowing is highly correlated when spacing < λ
Cluster Sharing: Adjacent terminals see consistent scatterer positions

Simulation Experiment

Spatial Consistency

UE Spacing

10 m

Correlation Distance λ

20 m

Correlation Coeff ρ

⚠️ 0.61

Medium Correlation

ρ = 0 (Uncorrelated)ρ = 1 (Fully Correlated)

Principle:

Corr. Distance λ = 20m: Characteristic distance where channel params (like SF) remain correlated.
When d < λ: Two UEs experience similar fading (curves close).
When d > λ: Two UEs' fading are nearly independent (curves separate).
Formula: ρ = exp(-d/λ) = exp(-10/20) = 0.607

Parameters(Real-time)

UE Spacing10 m

Corr. Distance λ20 m

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